期刊
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
卷 7, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00034
关键词
microglia; monocytes; CNS; innate; resolution of inflammation; macrophages; neuroprotection; monocyte-derived macrophages
Functional macrophage heterogeneity is recognized outside the central nervous system (CNS), where alternatively activated macrophages can perform immune-resolving functions. Such functional heterogeneity was largely ignored in the CNS, with respect to the resident microglia and the myeloid-derived cells recruited from the blood following injury or disease, previously defined as blood-derived microglia; both were indistinguishably perceived detrimental. Our studies have led us to view the myeloid-derived infiltrating cells as functionally distinct from the resident microglia, and accordingly, to name them monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-M Phi). Although microglia perform various maintenance and protective roles, under certain conditions when they can no longer provide protection, mo-M Phi are recruited to the damaged CNS; there, they act not as microglial replacements but rather assistant cells, providing activities that cannot be timely performed by the resident cells. Here, we focus on the functional heterogeneity of microglia/mo-M Phi, emphasizing that, as opposed to the mo-M Phi, microglia often fail to timely acquire the phenotype essential for CNS repair.
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