期刊
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
卷 3, 期 6, 页码 2485-2534出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4ta04461d
关键词
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资金
- NSFC [20906034, 51272199, 51320105001, 21433007, 20963002, 21173088]
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing (Wuhan University of Technology) [2015-KF-7]
- South China Agricultural University [2009B010100001]
- 973 program [2013CB632402]
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) of King Abdulaziz University [90-130-35-HiCi]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry
- University of Missouri-Kansas City
There is a growing interest in the conversion of water and solar energy into clean and renewable H-2 fuels using earth-abundant materials due to the depletion of fossil fuel and its serious environmental impact. This critical review highlights some key factors influencing the efficiency of heterogeneous semiconductors for solar water splitting (i.e. improved charge separation and transfer, promoted optical absorption, optimized band gap position, lowered cost and toxicity, and enhanced stability and water splitting kinetics). Moreover, different engineering strategies, such as band structure engineering, micro/nano engineering, bionic engineering, co-catalyst engineering, surface/interface engineering of heterogeneous semiconductors are summarized and discussed thoroughly. The synergistic effects of the different engineering strategies, especially for the combination of co-catalyst loading and other strategies seem to be more promising for the development of highly efficient photocatalysts. A thorough understanding of electron and hole transfer thermodynamics and kinetics at the fundamental level is also important for elucidating the key efficiency-limiting step and designing highly efficient solar-to-fuel conversion systems. In this review, we provide not only a summary of the recent progress in the different engineering strategies of heterogeneous semiconductors for solar water splitting, but also some potential opportunities for designing and optimizing solar cells, photocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 and pollutant degradation, and electrocatalysts for water splitting.
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