Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis - data from a prospective observational cohort study

Introduction: Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that hyperuricemia is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) among a relatively healthy population, and that the extent of calcification is directly proportional to the serum uric acid (sUA) concentration. Methods: Data from 2,498 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were analyzed using logistic regression models. Subjects were free of clinical heart disease, diabetes, and renal impairment. The main measure was the presence of any CAC by computerized tomography (Agatston score > 0). Results: Forty-eight percent of the study participants were male and 45% were African-American. Mean (+/- SD) age was 40 +/- 4 years, body mass index 28 +/- 6 kg/m(2), Framingham risk score -0.7 +/- 5%, blood pressure 113 +/- 14/75 +/- 11 mmHg, alcohol consumption 12 +/- 27 ml/day, and sUA 297 +/- 89 mu mol/L (5.0 +/- 1.5 mg/dL). Prevalence of CAC increased with sUA concentration among both men and women. Adjusted for age, gender, race, lipoproteins, triglycerides, smoking, blood pressure, presence of metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, waist circumference, alcohol use, creatinine, and serum albumin, the highest quartile of sUA (> 393 mu mol/L [6.6 mg/dL] for men and > 274 mu mol/L [4.6 mg/dL] for women) was associated with an odds ratio of 1.87 (1.19-2.93) compared to the lowest quartile (< 291 mu mol/L [4.9 mg/dL] for men and < 196 mu mol/L [3.3 mg/dL] for women). Among those with any CAC, each unit increase in sUA was associated with a 22% increase in Agatston score (P = 0.008) after adjusting for the above covariates. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults.