Some Studies on Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics with Crocus sativus (Saffron flowers) Using an Ultrasonic Method

Cotton fabrics were dyed with natural coloring matter extracted from Crocus sativus (saffron) using a traditional heating method and a power ultrasonic method. Factors affecting dyeing properties such as pH values, salt concentration, temperature, time in dye bath, and ultrasonic power were studied. Environmentally friendly mordants were used through pre-mordanting, post mordanting, and through simultaneous mordanting methods. The fastness properties-including light, washing, and perspiration for dyed and mordanted fabrics were assessed. Color strength (K/S) and color data [CIE lab (L*, a*, b*)] were measured for dyed cotton fabrics before and after dyeing and for mordanted cotton fabric.