Energy harvesting and storage devices fused into various patterns

The conventional connection of energy devices by electrically conducting wires is less efficient and inconvenient, even unavailable in many applications. Herein, a general and effective method is developed to connect energy harvesting or/and storage devices by simply stacking and gently pressing them. The energy devices are touched together and then rapidly fused into one by incorporating an electrically conducting carbon nanotube sheet and a self-healing polymer into a ladder structure. Flexible supercapacitors, perovskite solar cells and their integrated devices are demonstrated. Supercapacitors are fused into various patterns with tunable capacitances, perovskite solar cells are fused into one in series with linearly increasing output voltages, and supercapacitors and perovskite solar cells are also fused into an integrated device to simultaneously realize energy conversion and storage.