期刊
XENOTRANSPLANTATION
卷 20, 期 5, 页码 292-307出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/xen.12050
关键词
cardiac transplantation; coagulation; complement activation; Gal epitope; orthotopic transplantation; xenotransplantation
资金
- NIAID Consortium on the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation. Research on xenotransplantation at the University of Pittsburgh
- University of Maryland
- NIH [IU19A1090959-01, U01A1066331, 5PO1HL10715202, U01AI66310]
- VA Merit Review Grant
- Revivicor Inc., Blacksburg, VA
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- Shelly Patrick Research Fellowship in Transplantation of the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute
- NIH NIAID [T32 AI 074490]
The histopathology of cardiac xenograft rejection has evolved over the last 20yr with the development of new modalities for limiting antibody-mediated injury, advancing regimens for immune suppression, and an ever-widening variety of new donor genetics. These new technologies have helped us progress from what was once an overwhelming anti-Gal-mediated hyperacute rejection to a more protracted anti-Gal-mediated vascular rejection to what is now a more complex manifestation of non-Gal humoral rejection and coagulation dysregulation. This review summarizes the changing histopathology of Gal- and non-Gal-mediated cardiac xenograft rejection and discusses the contributions of immune-mediated injury, species-specific immune-independent factors, transplant and therapeutic procedures, and donor genetics to the overall mechanism(s) of cardiac xenograft rejection.
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