Characterization of intestinal and hepatic P450 enzymes in cynomolgus monkeys with typical substrates and inhibitors for human P450 enzymes

1. Cynomolgus monkeys are widely used to predict human pharmacokinetic and/or toxic profiles in the drug developmental stage. Characterization of cynomolgus monkey P450s such as the mRNA expression level, substrate specificity, and inhibitor selectivity were conducted to provide helpful information in designing monkey in vivo studies and monkey-to-human extrapolation. 2. The expression levels of 12 monkey P450 mRNAs, which are considered to be important P450 subfamilies in drug metabolism, were investigated in the liver, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and colon of individual monkeys. 3. In vitro activities and intrinsic clearance values were determined in monkey intestinal and liver microsomes (MIM and MLM, respectively) using nine typical oxidative reactions for human P450s. Paclitaxel 6 alpha-hydroxylation, diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation, and S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation showed low activities in MIM and MLM. 4. IC50 values of eight selective inhibitors of human P450s were determined in MIM and MLM. Inhibitory effects of furafylline and sulfaphenazole were weak in monkeys on phenacetin O-deethylation and diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation, respectively. 5. These results show profiles of monkey P450s in both the intestine and liver in detail and contribute to a better understanding of the species difference in substrate specificity and inhibitor selectivity between cynomolgus monkeys and humans.