Prediction of Anastomotic Leak and its Prognosis in Digestive Surgery

Background Anastomotic leak (AL) is a dangerous postoperative complication in gastrointestinal surgery. The present study focuses on whether our prediction scoring system, Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS), could predict occurrence of AL and its prognosis in various kinds of gastrointestinal surgical procedures. Methods We prospectively investigated parameters of E-PASS, absence or presence of AL, and in-hospital mortality in 6,005 patients who underwent elective digestive surgery with alimentary tract reconstruction in 45 acute care hospitals in Japan between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2007. Results Incidences of AL were 19.6% for esophagectomy via right thoracotomy and laparotomy, 11.7% for pancreaticoduodenectomy, 7.4% for low anterior resection, 4.0% for total gastrectomy, 1.8% for open distal gastrectomy, 1.3% for open colectomy, for an overall incidence of 4.1%. The incidence in each procedure significantly correlated with median value of surgical stress score of the E-PASS (R = 0.78, n = 11, p = 0.0048). The incidences of AL increased when Total Risk Points (TRP) of the E-PASS increased; 1.1% at the TRP range of < 500, 2.8% at 500 to < 1,000, 4.8% at 1,000 to < 1,500, and 13.6% at >= 1,500 (p < 0.0001). In patients who suffered from AL, an in-hospital mortality rate at TRP < 1,000 was significantly lower than that at TRP of >= 1,000 (1.1 vs. 15.9%; p = 0.00019). Conclusions The E-PASS, requiring only nine variables, may be useful in predicting AL and its prognosis.