Therapeutic effect of a hydroxynaphthoquinone fraction on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hydroxynaphthoquinone mixture (HM) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: BALB/c mice received 3.5% DSS for 6 d to induce ulcerative colitis. Groups of mice were orally administered HM 3.5, 7 and 14 mg/kg and mesalazine 200 mg/kg per day for 7 d. During the experiment, clinical signs and body weight, stool consistency and visible fecal blood were monitored and recorded daily. A disease activity index score was calculated for each animal. At the conclusion of the experiment, the colonic histopathological lesions were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were determined. Protein expression levels of TNF-a, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) p65, inhibitor of kappa B (I kappa B) and phosphorylation of I kappa B (p-I kappa B) were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Administration of 3.5% DSS for 6 d successfully induced acute colitis associated with soft stool, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and colon shortening, as well as a loss of body weight. Administration of HM effectively attenuated the severity of colonic mucosa injury. For histopathological analysis, HM treatment improved histological alterations and lowered pathological scores compared with the DSS only group. This manifested as a reduction in the extent of colon injury and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as the degree of mucosal destruction. In addition, HM at doses of 7 and 14 mg/kg significantly decreased MPO activity in colonic tissue (0.98 +/- 0.22 U/g vs 1.32 +/- 0.24 U/g, 0.89 +/- 0.37 U/g vs 1.32 +/- 0.24 U/g tissue, P < 0.05) and serum TNF-alpha levels (68.78 +/- 7.34 ng/L vs 88.98 +/- 17.79 ng/L, 64.13 +/- 14.13 ng/L vs 88.98 +/- 17.79 ng/L, P < 0.05). Furthermore, HM down-regulated the expression of TNF-alpha, NF-kappa B p65 and p-I kappa B alpha in colonic tissue while up-regulating I kappa B alpha protein expression. These results suggest that the significant anti-inflammatory effect of HM may be attributable to its inhibition of TNF-alpha production and NF-kappa B activation. CONCLUSION: HM had a favorable therapeutic effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, supporting its further development and clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.