期刊
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
卷 20, 期 4, 页码 978-987出版社
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.978
关键词
Colorectal cancer; Colorectal adenoma; Aberrant crypt foci; Genetic mutation; Epigenotype; DNA methylation; Colorectal carcinogenesis
资金
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24790713] Funding Source: KAKEN
Despite the recent advances in the therapeutic modalities, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. CRC arises through accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that transform normal colonic epithelium into adenocarcinomas. Among crucial roles of epigenetic alterations, gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation of promoter regions is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms. Recent comprehensive methylation analyses on genome-wide scale revealed that sporadic CRC can be classified into distinct epigenotypes. Each epigenotype cooperates with specific genetic alterations, suggesting that they represent different molecular carcinogenic pathways. Precursor lesions of CRC, such as conventional and serrated adenomas, already show similar methylation accumulation to CRC, and can therefore be classified into those epigenotypes of CRC. In addition, specific DNA methylation already occurs in the normal colonic mucosa, which might be utilized for prediction of the personal CRC risk. DNA methylation is suggested to occur at an earlier stage than carcinoma formation, and may predict the molecular basis for future development of CRC. Here, we review DNA methylation and CRC classification, and discuss the possible clinical usefulness of DNA methylation as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prediction of the prognosis and the response to therapy of CRC. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
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