期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 44, 期 7, 页码 2267-2275出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.020
关键词
Capacitive deionization (CDI); Electrosorption; Hardness ion; Water softening; Activated carbon electrode
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea [과C6A2402] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Capacitive deionization (CDI) for removal of water hardness was investigated for water softening applications. In order to examine the wettability and pore structure of the activated carbon cloth and composites electrodes, surface morphological and electrochemical characteristics were observed. The highly wettable electrode surface exhibited faster adsorption/desorption of ions in a continuous treatment system. In addition, the stack as well as unit cell operations were performed to investigate preferential removal of the hardness ions, showing higher selectivity of divalent ions rather than that of the monovalent ion. Interestingly, competitive substitution was observed in which the adsorbed Na ions were replaced by more strongly adsorptive Ca and Mg ions. The preferential removal of divalent ions was explained in terms of ion selectivity and pore characteristics in electrodes. Finally, optimal pore size and structure of carbon electrodes for efficient removal of divalent ions were extensively discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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