期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 43, 期 20, 页码 5160-5170出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.021
关键词
Membrane fouling; Membrane permeability; Powdered activated carbon; Pretreatment; Flocculation; Floc
资金
- Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of the Government of Japan [19360235, 21246083]
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and by Metawater Co., Tokyo, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19360235, 21246083] Funding Source: KAKEN
As a pretreatment for membrane microfiltration (MF), the use of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a particle size much smaller than that of conventional PAC (super-powdered PAC, or S-PAC) has been proposed to enhance the removal of dissolved substances. In this paper, another advantage of S-PAC as a pretreatment for MF is described: the use of S-PAC attenuates trans-membrane pressure increases during the filtration operation. The floc particles that formed during coagulation preceded by S-PAC pretreatment were larger and more porous than the floc particles formed during coagulation preceded by PAC pretreatment and those formed during coagulation without pretreatment. This result was due to increased particle-particle collision frequency and better removal of natural organic matter, which inhibits coagulation by consuming coagulant, before the coagulation reaction. The caked fouling layer that built up on the membrane surface was thus more permeable with S-PAC than with normal PAC. Both physically reversible and irreversible membrane foulings were reduced, and more stable filtration was accomplished with S-PAC pretreatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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