期刊
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
卷 223, 期 5, 页码 2611-2621出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-1053-9
关键词
Pharmaceutical compound; Removal rate; Conventional treatment; Low-cost treatment; Wastewater
资金
- Agencia Andaluza del Agua (Consejeria de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucia, Spain)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain [CGL2007-62281]
In the present work, the effectiveness of conventional wastewater treatments (activated sludge and oxidation ditches) and low-cost wastewater treatments (trickling filter beds, anaerobic lagooning and constructed wetlands) in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds has been studied. To evaluate the efficiency of removal, 16 pharmaceutically active compounds belonging to seven therapeutic groups (anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, beta-blockers, nervous stimulants, estrogens and lipid regulators) have been monitored during 1-year period in influent and effluent wastewater from 11 wastewater treatment plants of Spain. Mean removal rates of pharmaceutically active compounds achieved in conventional wastewater treatments were slightly higher than those achieved in low-cost treatments, being 64% and 55%, respectively. Ibuprofen, naproxen, salicylic acid and caffeine were the pharmaceutical compounds most efficiently removed, regardless the wastewater treatment applied, with removal rates up to 99%. Anaerobic lagooning was the less effective treatment for the removal of the most persistent compounds: carbamazepine and propranolol.
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