Rationalizing the SER spectra of bacteria

The SER spectra of riboflavin and FAD are identical and are resonance enhanced at 514 or 532 nm. Signals from FAD/riboflavin dominated SER spectra whenever these compounds were present with proteins or bacteria. SER spectra of very different bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Geobacillus stearothermophilus were dominated by signals from FAD, even when these bacteria were added to a preformed colloid. The SERS signal of FAD is greatly reduced at 785 nm, and SER spectra of bacteria excited at 785 nm are quite different than those collected at 514 or 532 nm. This supports the assignment of the peaks in the 514 nm SER spectra of bacteria to FAD rather to amino acids or N-acetylglucosamine. The SER spectra of certain mixes of adenine and FAD showed similar changes to those of bacteria when the excitation was changed from 514/532 to 785 nm. The ratios of colloid: bacteria were of critical important for obtaining good SER spectra, and the addition of sodium sulfate was also beneficial. Removal of EPS from bacteria before analysis facilitated interaction with the silver surface, and may be a useful step to include in identification protocols. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.