期刊
UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 40, 期 2, 页码 165-173出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.01.015
关键词
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As of 2012, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer afflicting men and ninth most common cancer in women. Nearly 80% of all bladder cancer diagnoses are non-muscle invasive at presentation, most of whom will develop recurrent disease within 5 years of initial diagnosis. Urinary tumor markers provide a noninvasive method for both screening and surveillance of bladder cancer. This article reviews the current Food and Drug Administration-approved urinary biomarkers for detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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