Relationships between bole and crown size for young urban trees in the northeastern USA

Knowledge of allometric equations can enable urban forest managers to meet desired economic, social, and ecological goals. However, there remains limited regional data on young tree growth within the urban landscape. The objective of this study is to address this research gap and examine interactions between age, bole size and crown dimensions of young urban trees in New Haven, CT, USA to identify allometric relationships and generate predictive growth equations useful for the region. This study examines the 10 most common species from a census of 1474 community planted trees (ages 4-16). Regressions were applied to relate diameter at breast height (dbh), age (years since transplanting), tree height, crown diameter and crown volume. Across all ten species each allometric relationship was statistically (p < 0.001) significant at an a-level of 0.05. Consistently, shade trees demonstrated stronger relationships than ornamental trees. Crown diameter and dbh displayed the strongest fit with eight of the ten species having an R-2 > 0.70. Crown volume exhibited a good fit for each of the shade tree species (R-2 > 0.85), while the coefficients of determination for the ornamentals varied (0.38 < R-2 < 0.73). In the model predicting height from dbh, ornamentals displayed the lowest R-2 (0.33 < R-2 < 0.55) while shade trees represented a much better fit (R-2 > 0.66). Allometric relationships can be used to develop spacing guidelines for commonly planted urban trees. These correlations will better equip forest managers to predict the growth of urban trees, thereby improving the management and maintenance of New England's urban forests. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.