期刊
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
卷 39, 期 5, 页码 870-881出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.11.006
关键词
Doppler ultrasound; Volume flow calculation; Pulsatility index; Resistance index; Waveform; Computational fluid dynamics; Peak systolic velocity
资金
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada [NA-6727]
- National Institute on Aging, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NO1-AG-3-1003]
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Heart and Stroke Foundation
Given evidence that fully developed axisymmetric flow may be the exception rather than the rule, even in nominally straight arteries, maximum velocity (V-max) can lie outside the Doppler sample volume (SV). The link between V-max and derived quantities, such as volume flow (Q), may therefore be more complex than commonly thought. We performed idealized virtual Doppler ultrasound on data from image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the normal human carotid artery and investigated how velocity profile skewing and choice of sample volume affected V-max waveforms and derived Q variables, considering common assumptions about velocity profile shape (i.e., Poiseuille or Womersley). Severe velocity profile skewing caused substantial errors in V-max waveforms when using a small, centered SV, although peak V-max was reliably detected; errors with a long SV covering the vessel diameter were orientation dependent but lower overall. Cycle-averaged Q calculated from V-max was typically within +/-15%, although substantial skewing and use of a small SV caused 10%-25% underestimation. Peak Q derived from Womersley's theory was generally accurate to within +/-10%. V-max pulsatility and resistance indexes differed from Q-based values, although the Q-based resistance index could be predicted reliably. Skewing introduced significant error into V-max-derived Q waveforms, particularly during mid-to-late systole. Our findings suggest that errors in the V-max and Q waveforms related to velocity profile skewing and use of a small SV, or orientation-dependent errors for a long SV, could limit their use in wave analysis or for constructing characteristic or patient-specific flow boundary conditions for model studies. (E-mail: steinman@mie.utoronto.ca) (C) 2013 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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