The correlation between the surface energy, the contact angle and the spreading parameter, and their relevance for the wetting behaviour of DLC with lubricating oils

In this study we investigate the correlation between the wetting, the contact angle, the spreading, the surface energy and the surface tension for five types of DLC coatings (doped, non-doped, hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated) and steel, wetted with synthetic, non-polar, polyalphaolefin (PAO) oils with two distinctly different viscosities. We show how these parameters correlate with each other and how and why they change when different DLC or steel surfaces come into contact with the oils. Several previously reported inconsistencies in the wetting and the surface-energy properties of DLC coatings are discussed. The spreading parameter (SP) presented in this work provides the necessary information to reveal the actual wetting properties of the DLC coatings and the steel with oils, instead of the contact angle, which is the parameter that is normally considered, but was found here to be inappropriate. A correlation between the polar surface energy and the DLC's hydrogen content is clearly observed. The results further indicate that the polar surface energy is a key parameter for tailoring the DLC wetting and the related surface tribochemical characteristics. In addition, the influence of various models for the surface-energy calculation is described. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.