Long noncoding RNA: unveiling hidden layer of gene regulatory networks

Long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as functional regulatory components in eukaryotic gene regulation. Distinct classes of IncRNAs have been identified in eukaryotes and they play roles in various regulatory networks. Previously characterized IncRNAs include primary transcripts for small regulatory RNAs. In the era of deep sequencing, new classes of IncRNAs have emerged as potent regulatory components in gene regulation. Recent studies showed that many IncRNAs are potent cis- and trans-regulators of gene activity and they can function as scaffolds for chromatin-modifying complexes. Furthermore, differential expressions of IncRNAs suggest that transcription of IncRNAs can modulate gene activity during development and in response to external stimuli. Here, we summarize our current understanding on potential roles of IncRNAs in plants.