Mitochondrial protein quality control during biogenesis and aging

Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been associated with the aging process and the onset of numerous diseases. Regulation of the complex protein-folding environment within the organelle is essential for maintaining efficient metabolic output. Over time, dysregulation of protein homeostasis arises through stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mutations in the mitochondrial genome introduced during replication. To preserve organelle function during biogenesis, remodeling and stress, quality control of mitochondrial proteins must be monitored by molecular chaperones and proteases stationed in the four compartments of the organelle. Here, we review mitochondrial protein quality control with a focus on organelle biogenesis and aging.