Vehicle actuated signal performance under general traffic at an isolated intersection

We study green extension of a two-phased vehicle actuated signal at an isolated intersection between two one-way streets. The green phase is extended by a preset time interval, referred to as critical gap, from the time of a vehicle actuation at an advance detector. The green phase switches if there is no arrival during the critical gap. We develop an exact model to study the intersection performance with traffic following Poisson processes. We further extend the model to approximate the case of general traffic. Our model in the general case works well compared with Monte Carlo simulation. A few major observations include: (1) The optimal critical gap decreases with the traffic; (2) The optimal critical gap can be much larger (up to 5 s) than the common presumption of 2-3 s; (3) Queue clearance policy is not nearly optimal in general even in the case of heavy traffic.