Applications of nanomaterials in potentiometric sensors

Nanomaterials play an important role in the fabrication of chemosensors and biosensors, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as large surface area/volume ratio, good conductivity, excellent electrocatalytic activity and high mechanical strength. We review recent advances in the applications of these nanomaterials in potentiometric sensors. We highlight the development of stable solidstate polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). We describe ISEs based on ionophore-modified nanomaterials. Also, we present highly-sensitive potentiometric biosensors based on nanomaterials. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.