Electrocatalysis, sensors and biosensors in analytical chemistry based on ordered mesoporous and macroporous carbon-modified electrodes

The past few years have seen an explosion in the use of ordered mesoporous carbon and, to lesser extent, templated macroporous carbon, as novel materials to design nanostructured electrodes devoted to sensing and biosensing. These materials offer attractive features that can be exploited in electrochemistry [e.g., good electronic conductivity, great porosity (high specific surface area, large pore volume and size) and widely open ordered structure]. After a brief presentation of these materials (template synthesis, characterization, properties and uses) and the ways to attach them to electrode surfaces (including their basic electrochemical behavior), we review their interest for electroanalytical purposes. We pay particular attention to applications in the fields of preconcentration electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, potentiometry and electrochemical biosensing, and to discussing the advantages of such templated porous carbons over other related nanostructured carbon materials. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.