An in situ intercomparison exercise on passive samplers for monitoring metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in surface waters

An intercomparison exercise on passive samplers (PSs) was organized in summer 2010 to measure selected metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides in surface waters. Various PSs were used and compared at two river sites and one marine lagoon. A total of 24 laboratories participated. We present selected significant results from this exercise, including discussion on quality assurance and quality control for PSs, the interlaboratory variability of field blanks, time weighted average water concentrations and their uncertainties, the representativity of samples from Diffusive Gradient in Thin film, the ability of PSs to achieve lower limits of detection, PAH fingerprints in various PSs compared with spot samples, and the relevance of the permeability reference compound approach to the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler with pesticides. These in situ intercomparison exercises should enable progress on the harmonization of practices for use of passive sampling, especially for priority chemical monitoring and regulatory programs in compliance with the European Union's Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.