Recent advances in on-line solid-phase pre-concentration for inductively-coupled plasma techniques for determination of mineral elements

We provide a critical survey on recent progress in on-line solid-phase pre-concentration for inductively-coupled plasma (ICP)-based techniques for trace-level determination of metals. We highlight some of the useful solid-phase materials suitable for online separation and enrichment prior to ICP determination. We discuss different applications of the methods developed along with their analytical figures of merit. Finally, we sketch out future prospects in this field. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.