Analysis, occurrence and fate of anthelmintics and their transformation products in the environment

There has been a great effort made in recent years to study the fate, the occurrence and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants in the environment, with a particular emphasis on pharmaceuticals. Anthelmintics comprise a large sector of the animal pharmaceutical industry. This article examines analytical methodologies for the analysis of anthelmintics and their transformation products (TPs) in the environment. It also gives a critical overview of the current knowledge on the fate and the ecotoxicology of anthelmintics and their TPs, if known. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.