Recent advances in electrochemiluminescent enzyme biosensors

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has received considerable attention due to its versatility, simplified optical set-up, and good temporal and spatial control. ECL enzyme biosensors (also called enzyme-based ECL biosensors) offer selective, sensitive detection of analytes (e.g., glucose, alcohol, hypoxanthine and choline). This review gives an overview on the recent developments of ECL enzyme biosensors. It briefly covers: the three main enzymatic ECL reactions (luminol, Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and quantum dot); important factors in fabrication of the containing materials, methods and electrodes; and, analytical applications in electro-optical enzyme arrays, enzyme biochips, and enzyme immunosorbent assay. In addition, we discuss a non-enzymatic [CL biosensor, which we compare with enzyme biosensors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.