Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing

Graphene has proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for applications in electrochemistry. We review progress in constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors and biosensors. We also discuss: different routes for graphene fabrication; graphene-modified electrodes and graphene-composite electrodes for sensing, including those based on ionic liquids; incorporation of biorecognition elements into graphene-based electrodes; and, graphene-supported electrocatalytic nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.