期刊
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 28, 期 6, 页码 708-717出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.010
关键词
Aquatic ecosystem; Bioassay; Chemical analysis; Ecotoxicology; Endocrine-disrupting compound; Environmental analysis; Organic UV filter; Sunscreen agent; Toxicity; Ultraviolet absorption
资金
- EU [003956-2]
- Spanish Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Media [MMAMRM-010/PC08/3-04]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CEMAGUA CGL2007-64551/HID]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
A large number of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds, usually present in personal-care products, textiles exposed to UV radiation and plastics materials, elicit hormonal activity in vitro and in vivo. Induction of vitellogenin, alterations in gonads, decrease in fertility and reproduction, and feminization in sex characteristics of male fish have been associated with frequently-used UV filters, including benzophenones and camphor-related substances. The lowest effect concentrations determined (3 mu g/L for 3-benzylidene camphor) are generally higher than those measured so far in the environment (ng/L to lower mu g/L in water). However, the propensity for rapid accumulation and the potential for mixture effects warrant further research to evaluate the fate and the disposition of UV filters in the aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, the amounts of UV filters added to products are increasing, to date usually 10% (w/w), as a consequence of the higher protection factors demanded, and that requires formulations with higher percentages of UV filters or multi-component mixtures with more UV-absorbing substances. In addition, long-term exposure to UV-absorbing compounds may have negative effects at concentrations much lower than those considered at present. This article provides an overview of the most outstanding findings reported on toxic effects of UV filters in the aquatic environment. We also include environmental levels detected and analytical methodologies applied. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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