Solid-state electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] has received considerable attention. By immobilizing Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) on an e electrode surface, solid-state ECL provides several advantages over solution-phase ECL, such as reducing consumption of expensive reagent, simplifying experimental design and enhancing the ECL signal. This review presents the state of the art in solid-state ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+). It briefly covers the mechanism of ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), some recent developments in fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors, analytical applications of ECL and alignment of ECL with capillary electrophoresis (CE), microchip CE, flow-injection analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography. it also indicates the outlook in this field. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.