期刊
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
卷 263, 期 2, 页码 225-232出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.014
关键词
MCC-555; KLF4; p21; NAG-1; Cyclin D1; PPAR
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01CA108975]
- University of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health
- Program in Organizational or Personal Cooperation with Foreign Counterparts, China [2010630161]
- Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi, India [110:6/07/2010-Education]
MCC-555 is a novel PPAR alpha/gamma dual ligand of the thiazolidinedione class and was recently developed as an antidiabetic drug with unique properties. MCC-555 also has anti-proliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in several cancer cell types. Our group has shown that MCC-555 targets several proteins in colorectal tumorigenesis including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene (NAG-1) which plays an important role in chemoprevention responsible for chemopreventive compounds. NAG-1 is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily and is involved in tumor progression and development; however, NAG-1's roles in pancreatic cancer have not been studied. In this report, we found that MCC-555 alters not only NAG-1 expression, but also p21 and cyclin D1 expression. NAG-1 and p21 expression was not blocked by PPAR gamma-specific antagonist GW9662, suggesting that MCC-555-induced NAG-1 and p21 expression is independent of PPAR gamma activation. However, decreasing cyclin D1 by MCC-555 seems to be affected by PPAR gamma activation. Further, we found that the GC box located in the NAG-1 promoter play an important role in NAG-1 transactivation by MCC-555. Subsequently, we screened several transcription factors that may bind to the GC box region in the NAG-1 promoter and found that KLF4 potentially binds to this region. Expression of KLF4 precedes NAG-1 and p21 expression in the presence of MCC-555, whereas blocking KLF4 expression using specific KLF4 siRNA showed that both NAG-1 and p21 expression by MCC-555 was blocked. In conclusion, MCC-555's actions on anti-proliferation involve both PPAR gamma-dependent and -independent pathways, thereby enhancing anti-tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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