Effects of 4-nonylphenol isomers on cell receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells

In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the effects of nonylphenol (NP) isomers (4-[1,2, 4-trimethylhexyl]-phenol (NP41), 4-[1,2, 5-trimethylhexyl]-phenol (NP42)) on Sertoli TM4 cells. NP41 decreased mRNA expression levels of androgen receptor and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 in 20-40 mu M (P<0.05), and increased mRNA levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and progesterone receptor in 1-40 mu M (P<0.05). NP42 treatment only evoked significant decrease in mRNA expression levels of ER-alpha in 20-40 mu M (P<0.05). Similarly, NP41 (1-40 mu M) drastically increased the protein expression of ER-alpha, which was significantly decreased in 20-40 mu M NP42 groups (P<0.01). Both NP41 and NP42 showed no effect on the expression of ER-beta. Protein levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor were increased significantly in high concentrations of NP41 (40 mu M) and NP42 (10-40 mu M) challenged cells. Furthermore, NP41 and NP42 showed various effects on the expression of junction-associated molecules and inhibin B secretion in TM4 cells. Additionally, activation of JNK1/2 pathway was induced by NP41 and NP42. However, ERK1/2 and p38 pathways were inhibited in TM4 cells exposed to low concentrations of NP41 (0.1-20 mu M) and NP42 (0.1-1 mu M), and high concentrations of NP41 (40 mu M) and NP42 10-40 mu M) resulted in a return of p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 to control levels. We proposed that molecular mechanism of reproductive damage in Sertoli cells induced by NPs may be mediated by cell receptors and/or cell signaling pathways, and the effects may be related to the structure of NP isomer. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.