期刊
TOBACCO CONTROL
卷 24, 期 E4, 页码 E258-E263出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051945
关键词
Carcinogens; Global health; Nicotine
资金
- National Cancer Institute Training Grant [CA-113710]
- William Cahan Endowment
- UCSF Bland Lane Center of Excellence on Secondhand Smoke
- Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute
- USPHS from National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA01293]
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
- China CDC
Background Differences in carcinogen exposure from different cigarette products could contribute to differences in smoking-associated cancer incidence among Chinese compared with US smokers. Methods Urine concentrations of metabolites of nicotine, the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (PAHs) were compared in 238 Chinese and 203 US daily smokers. Results Comparing Chinese versus US smokers, daily nicotine intake and nicotine intake per cigarette smoked were found to be similar. When normalised for cigarettes per day, urine NNAL excretion was fourfold higher in US smokers, while the excretion of urine metabolites of the PAHs fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites was 50% to fourfold higher in Chinese smokers (all, p<0.0001). Similar results were seen when NNAL and PAHs excretion was normalised for daily nicotine intake. Conclusions Patterns of carcinogen exposure differ, with lower exposure to TSNA and higher exposure to PAHs in Chinese compared with US smokers. These results most likely reflect country differences in cigarette tobacco blends and manufacturing processes, as well as different environmental exposures. Trial registration number NCT00264342.
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