HLA-DRB1,-DRB3,-DRB4 and-DRB5 genotyping at a super-high resolution level by long range PCR and high-throughput sequencing

Super high-resolution single molecule sequence-based typing (SS-SBT) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing method to the field 4 level of allelic resolution (formerly known as eight-digit typing) to efficiently detect new and null alleles without phase ambiguity by combination of long ranged polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. We previously reported the development and application of the SS-SBT method for the eight classical HLA loci, A, B, C, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1. In this article, we describe the development of the SS-SBT method for three DRB1 linked loci, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5 (DRB3/4/5) and characterization of DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotype structures to the field 4 level. Locus specific PCR primers for DRB3/4/5 were designed to amplify the gene regions from intron 1 to exon 6 [3'untranslated region (3'UTR)]. In total 20 DRB1 and 13 DRB3/4/5 allele sequences were determined by the SS-SBT to the field 4 level without phase ambiguity using 19 DR51, DR52 and DR53 positive genomic DNA samples obtained from Japanese. Moreover, 18 DRB1DRB3/4/5 haplotypes were estimated to the field 4 level by the SS-SBT method in contrast to 10 haplotypes estimated by conventional methods to the field 1 level (formerly known as two digit typing). Therefore, DRB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotyping by SS-SBT is expected to provide informative data for improved HLA matching in medical research, transplantation procedures, HLA-related disease studies and human population diversity studies.