期刊
THORAX
卷 69, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204460
关键词
-
资金
- Wellcome Trust [085790/Z/08/Z]
- ALTANA
- Aventis
- AstraZeneca
- Boehringer-Ingelheim
- Chiesi
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Merck
- Novartis
- Pfizer
- Schering-Plough
- Sepracor
- University of Kentucky
- Boehringer Ingelheim China (GuangZhou, China)
- Turkish Thoracic Society (Adana, Turkey)
- Pfizer (Adana, Turkey)
- Boehringer-Ingelheim (Adana, Turkey)
- Altana (Salzburg, Austria)
- Astra-Zeneca (Salzburg, Austria)
- Boehringer-Ingelheim (Salzburg, Austria)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Salzburg, Austria)
- Merck Sharpe AMP
- Dohme (Salzburg, Austria)
- Novartis (Salzburg, Austria)
- Salzburger Gebietskrankenkasse (Salzburg, Austria)
- Salzburg Local Government (Salzburg, Austria)
- Research for International Tobacco Control (Cape Town, South Africa)
- International Development Research Centre (Cape Town, South Africa)
- South African Medical Research Council (Cape Town, South Africa)
- South African Thoracic Society GlaxoSmithKline Pulmonary Research Fellowship (Cape Town, South Africa)
- University of Cape Town Lung Institute (Cape Town, South Africa)
- Landspitali-University Hospital-Scientific Fund (Reykjavik, Iceland)
- GlaxoSmithKline Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland)
- AstraZeneca Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland)
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals (Cracow, Poland)
- Polpharma (Cracow, Poland)
- Ivax Pharma Poland (Cracow, Poland)
- AstraZeneca Pharma Poland (Cracow, Poland)
- ZF Altana Pharma (Cracow, Poland)
- Pliva Krakow (Cracow, Poland)
- Adamed (Cracow, Poland)
- Novartis Poland (Cracow, Poland)
- Linde Gaz Polska (Cracow, Poland)
- Lek Polska (Cracow, Poland)
- Tarchominskie Zaklady Farmaceutyczne Polfa (Cracow, Poland)
- Starostwo Proszowice (Cracow, Poland)
- Skanska (Cracow, Poland)
- Zasada (Cracow, Poland)
- Agencja Mienia Wojskowego w Krakowie (Cracow, Poland)
- Telekomunikacja Polska (Cracow, Poland)
- Biernacki (Cracow, Poland)
- Biogran (Cracow, Poland)
- Amplus Bucki (Cracow, Poland)
- Skrzydlewski (Cracow, Poland)
- Sotwin (Cracow, Poland)
- Agroplon (Cracow, Poland)
- Boehringer-Ingelheim (Hannover, Germany)
- Pfizer Germany (Hannover, Germany)
- Norwegian Ministry of Health's Foundation for Clinical Research (Bergen, Norway)
- Haukeland University Hospital's Medical Research Foundation for Thoracic Medicine (Bergen, Norway)
- AstraZeneca (Vancouver, Canada)
- Boehringer-Ingelheim (Vancouver, Canada)
- Pfizer (Vancouver, Canada)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Vancouver, Canada)
- Marty Driesler Cancer Project (Lexington, Kentucky, USA)
- Altana (Manila, The Philippines)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Phil) (Manila, The Philippines)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Manila, The Philippines)
- Pfizer (Manila, The Philippines)
- Philippine College of Chest Physicians (Manila, The Philippines)
- Philippine College of Physicians (Manila, The Philippines)
- United Laboratories (Phil) (Manila, The Philippines)
- Air Liquide Healthcare P/L (Sydney, Australia)
- AstraZeneca P/L (Sydney, Australia)
- Boehringer Ingelheim P/L (Sydney, Australia)
- GlaxoSmithKline Australia P/L (Sydney, Australia)
- Pfizer Australia P/L (Sydney, Australia)
- Department of Health Policy Research Programme (London, UK)
- Clement Clarke International (London, UK)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Lisbon, Portugal)
- Pfizer (Lisbon, Portugal)
- Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (Uppsala, Sweden)
- Swedish Association Against Heart and Lung Diseases (Uppsala, Sweden)
- Glaxo Smith Kline (Uppsala, Sweden)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Tartu, Estonia)
- Astra Zeneca (Tartu, Estonia)
- Eesti Teadusfond (Estonian Science Foundation) (Tartu, Estonia)
- AstraZeneca (Maastricht, The Netherlands)
- CIRO HORN (Maastricht, The Netherlands)
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, JAMP
- K (Srinagar, India)
- Foundation for Environmental Medicine (Mumbai, India)
- Kasturba Hospital (Mumbai, India)
- Volkart Foundation (Mumbai, India)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Sousse, Tunisia)
- Philippines College of Physicians (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- Philippines College of Chest Physicians (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- AstraZeneca (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- Orient Euro Pharma (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- Otsuka Pharma (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- United laboratories Philippines (Nampicuan, The Philippines)
- Philippines College of Physicians (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- Philippines College of Chest Physicians (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- AstraZeneca (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- GlaxoSmithKline (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- Orient Euro Pharma (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- Otsuka Pharma (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- United laboratories Philippines (Talugtug, The Philippines)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London (Pune, India)
- Wellcome Trust [085790/Z/08/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a commonly reported cause of death and associated with smoking. However, COPD mortality is high in poor countries with low smoking rates. Spirometric restriction predicts mortality better than airflow obstruction, suggesting that the prevalence of restriction could explain mortality rates attributed to COPD. We have studied associations between mortality from COPD and low lung function, and between both lung function and death rates and cigarette consumption and gross national income per capita (GNI). Methods National COPD mortality rates were regressed against the prevalence of airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction in 22 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study sites and against GNI, and national smoking prevalence. The prevalence of airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction in the BOLD sites were regressed against GNI and mean pack years smoked. Results National COPD mortality rates were more strongly associated with spirometric restriction in the BOLD sites (<60 years: men r(s)=0.73, p=0.0001; women rs=0.90, p<0.0001; 60+ years: men r(s)=0.63, p=0.0022; women r(s)=0.37, p=0.1) than obstruction (<60 years: men r(s)=0.28, p=0.20; women r(s)=0.17, p<0.46; 60+ years: men r(s)=0.28, p=0.23; women rs=0.22, p=0.33). Obstruction increased with mean pack years smoked, but COPD mortality fell with increased cigarette consumption and rose rapidly as GNI fell below US$ 15 000. Prevalence of restriction was not associated with smoking but also increased rapidly as GNI fell below US$ 15 000. Conclusions Smoking remains the single most important cause of obstruction but a high prevalence of restriction associated with poverty could explain the high 'COPD' mortality in poor countries.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据