Behavior of steel monopoles strengthened with high-modulus CFRP materials

This paper introduces a strengthening technique for steel monopole towers using high-modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. The technique is based on a theoretical and analytical investigation including testing large scale steel monopole towers strengthened with different CFRP materials and connection details. Based on the research findings, design aspects and installation procedures are introduced. The recommended installation procedure describes the surface preparation, application of the adhesives and the sequence of CFRP application. The design aspects are based on flexural elastic analysis and material properties of the CFRP and steel monopole shaft. This paper recommends specific connection details to ensure the development of the forces from the CFRP to the steel tower baseplate. The research findings conclude that CFRP materials provide a viable alternative for strengthening steel monopoles that can be easily designed and installed to increase their flexural strength and stiffness. Published by Elsevier Ltd.