期刊
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
卷 113, 期 1-2, 页码 95-103出版社
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-012-0767-y
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资金
- National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC101-2111-M-001-001, NSC100-2119-M-001-029-MY5, NSC98-2111-M-034-004-MY3]
- Academia Sinica
- DOE [DE-SC0006742]
- NSF [AGS-0946315]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0006742] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Directorate For Geosciences [0946315] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0946315] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The 3-D complex topography effect on the surface solar radiative budget over the Tibetan Plateau is investigated by means of a parameterization approach on the basis of exact 3-D Monte Carlo photon tracing simulations, which use 90 m topography data as building blocks. Using a demonstrative grid size of 10 x 10 km(2), we show that differences in downward surface solar fluxes for a clear sky without aerosols between the 3-D model and the conventional plane-parallel radiative transfer scheme are substantial, on the order of 200 W/m(2) at shaded or sunward slopes. Deviations in the reflected fluxes of the direct solar beam amount to about +100 W/m(2) over snow-covered areas, which would lead to an enhanced snowmelt if the 3-D topography effects had been accounted for in current climate models. We further demonstrate that the entire Tibetan Plateau would receive more solar flux by about 14 W/m(2), if its 3-D mountain structure was included in the calculations, which would result in larger sensible and latent heat transfer from the surface to the atmosphere.
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