Efficient protocol for the synthesis of quinoxaline, benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives using glycerol as green solvent

A straightforward, efficient and more sustainable catalyst-free method has been developed for the synthesis of quinoxaline, benzoxazole, and benzimidazole ring system in glycerol to achieve yields that were comparable to or better than, those in conventional media. It is noteworthy that the reaction was exclusively carried out in glycerol-water system, rendering the methodology highly valuable from both environment and economic points of view. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.