期刊
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
卷 63, 期 2, 页码 231-250出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt099
关键词
Divergence-time estimation; diversification rates; Lampropeltini; gene-treespecies-tree discordance; mtDNA introgression; Pleistocene diversification
资金
- American Museum of Natural History
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology
- University of Texas, Arlington
- Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection, Texas AM University
- Senckenburg Museum of Natural History
- United States National Museum
- North Carolina Museum Natural Sciences
- University of Alabama
- Peabody Museum, Yale University
- Florida Museum of Natural History
- Texas Natural History Collection, the University of Texas, Austin
- Southeastern Louisiana Unviersity
- Sternberg Museum, Fort Hays State University
- Swaim Biological, Inc.
- La Mica Biological Station
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History
- Illinois Natural History Survey
- American Museum of Natural History (Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund)
- Graduate Women in Science (Vanessa Notchev Fund)
- The Explorer's Club
- CUNY-PSC
- National Science Foundation [CNS-0958379, CNS-0855217]
- City University of New York High Performance Computing Center [DBI-0905765]
- University of Texas at Arlington [DEB-0613802]
Both gene-tree discordance and unrecognized diversity are sources of error for accurate estimation of species trees, and can affect downstream diversification analyses by obscuring the correct number of nodes, their density, and the lengths of the branches subtending them. Although the theoretical impact of gene-tree discordance on evolutionary analyses has been examined previously, the effect of unsampled and cryptic diversity has not. Here, we examine how delimitation of previously unrecognized diversity in the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum) and use of a species-tree approach affects both estimation of the Lampropeltis phylogeny and comparative analyses with respect to the timing of diversification. Coalescent species delimitation indicates that L. triangulum is not monophyletic and that there are multiple species of milksnake, which increases the known species diversity in the genus Lampropeltis by 40. Both genealogical and temporal discordance occurs between gene trees and the species tree, with evidence that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression is a main factor. This discordance is further manifested in the preferred models of diversification, where the concatenated gene tree strongly supports an early burst of speciation during the Miocene, in contrast to species-tree estimates where diversification follows a birthdeath model and speciation occurs mostly in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. This study highlights the crucial interaction among coalescent-based phylogeography and species delimitation, systematics, and species diversification analyses.
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