期刊
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
卷 59, 期 6, 页码 634-645出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syq060
关键词
Adaptive radiation; birth-death model; extinction; macroevolution; speciation; species richness
资金
- US National Science Foundation [DEB-0814277]
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science at the University of California, Berkeley
The disparity in species richness across the tree of life is one of the most striking and pervasive features of biological diversity. Some groups are exceptionally diverse, whereas many other groups are species poor. Differences in diversity among groups are frequently assumed to result from primary control by differential rates of net diversification. However, a major alternative explanation is that ecological and other factors exert primary control on clade diversity, such that apparent variation in net diversification rates is a secondary consequence of ecological limits on clade growth. Here, I consider a likelihood framework for distinguishing between these competing hypotheses. I incorporate hierarchical modeling to explicitly relax assumptions about the constancy of diversification rates across clades, and I propose several statistics for a posteriori evaluation of model adequacy. I apply the framework to a recent dated phylogeny of ants. My results reject the hypothesis that net diversification rates exert primary control on species richness in this group and demonstrate that clade diversity is better explained by total time-integrated speciation. These results further suggest that it may not possible to estimate meaningful speciation and extinction rates from higher-level phylogenies of extant taxa only.
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