Profiling tissue-resident T cell repertoires by RNA sequencing

Deep sequencing of recombined T cell receptor (TCR) genes and transcripts has provided a view of T cell repertoire diversity at an unprecedented resolution. Beyond profiling peripheral blood, analysis of tissue-resident T cells provides further insight into immune-related diseases. We describe the extraction of TCR sequence information directly from RNA-sequencing data from 6738 tumor and 604 control tissues, with a typical yield of 1 TCR per 10 million reads. This method circumvents the need for PCR amplification of the TCR template and provides TCR information in the context of global gene expression, allowing integrated analysis of extensive RNA-sequencing data resources.