期刊
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
卷 104, 期 -, 页码 273-283出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.002
关键词
Air quality index; Tire fire; Iowa City; Hazard ratio
资金
- University of Iowa Environmental Health Sciences Research Center through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P30 ES05605]
- NASA [NNX11AI52G]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0748602] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [NNX11AI52G, 144582] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
The Iowa City Landfill in eastern Iowa, United States, experienced a fire lasting 18 days in 2012, in which a drainage layer of over 1 million shredded tires burned, generating smoke that impacted the surrounding metropolitan area of 130,000 people. This emergency required air monitoring, risk assessment, dispersion modeling, and public notification. This paper quantifies the impact of the fire on local air quality and proposes a monitoring approach and an air quality index (AQI) for use in future tire fires and other urban fires. Individual fire pollutants are ranked for acute and cancer relative risks using hazard ratios, with the highest acute hazard ratios attributed to SO2, particulate matter, and aldehydes. Using a dispersion model in conjunction with the new AQI, we estimate that smoke concentrations reached unhealthy outdoor levels for sensitive groups out to distances of 3.1 km and 18 km at 24-h and 1-h average times, respectively. Modeled and measured concentrations of PM2.5 from smoke and other compounds such as VOCs and benzo[a]pyrene are presented at a range of distances and averaging times, and the corresponding cancer risks are discussed. Through reflection on the air quality response to the event, consideration of cancer and acute risks, and comparison to other tire fires, we recommend that all landfills with shredded tire liners plan for hazmat fire emergencies. A companion paper presents emission factors and detailed smoke characterization. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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