Preoperative immunonutrition decreases postoperative complications by modulating prostaglandin E2 production and T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy

Background. An immune-enhancing diet has been used to alter. eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine production, and immune function in an attempt to limit the undesired immune reactions after injury from surgery. This prospective randomized study was designed to investigate the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on operative complications, and the participation of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) on T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing a severely stressful surgery. Methods. The enrolled patients who were scheduled to undergo pancreatoduodenectomy were randomized into two groups. Patients in the immunonutrition group (n = 25) received oral supplementation containing arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and RNA for 5 days before the procedure in addition to a 50% reduction in the amount of regular food. Patients in the control group (n = 25) received no artificial nutrition and were allowed to consume regular food before surgery. All patients received early postoperative enteral infusion of a standard formula intended to provide 25 kcal/kg/day. The primary endpoint was the rate of infectious complications; the secondary endpoint was immune responses. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01256034). Results. Infectious complication rate and severity of complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) were lesser in the immunonutrition group than in the control group. mRNA expression levels of T-bet were greater in the immunonutrition group than in the control group (P < .05). Serum eicosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratios were greater in the immunonutrition group than in the control group (P < .05). The levels of plasma PGE(2) were lesser in the immunonutrition group than in the control group (P < .05). Conclusion. Preoperative immunonutrition modulates PGE(2) production and T-cell differentiation and may protect against the aggravation of operative complications in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.