期刊
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 5, 期 7, 页码 1405-1411出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1448
关键词
Induced morphology; inducible offenses; phenotypic plasticity; trophic polyphenism
资金
- National Science Foundation [DEB-1019479]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1019479] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Phenotypic plasticity is commonplace, and plasticity theory predicts that organisms should often evolve mechanisms to detect and respond to environmental cues that accurately predict future environmental conditions. Here, we test this prediction in tadpoles of spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata. These tadpoles develop into either an omnivore ecomorph, which is a dietary generalist, or a carnivore ecomorph, which specializes on anostracan shrimp and other tadpoles. We investigated a novel proximate cue - ingestion of Scaphiopus tadpoles - and its propensity to produce carnivores by rearing tadpoles on different diets. We found that diets containing tadpoles from the genus Scaphiopus produced more carnivores than diets without Scaphiopus tadpoles. We discuss why Scaphiopus tadpoles are an excellent food source and why it is therefore advantageous for S.multiplicata tadpoles to produce an inducible offense that allows them to better utilize this resource. In general, such inducible offenses provide an excellent setting for investigating the proximate and evolutionary basis of phenotypic plasticity.
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