Mini review: Fluorescent heteroditopic ligands of metal ions

The recent advances in the development of fluorescent heteroditopic ligands of metal ions are reviewed. The scientific endeavour in this area is fuelled partly by the need for sensing technologies that are (1) targeting substances over large concentration ranges and (2) capable of analysing multiple analytes simultaneously. These objectives are largely not attainable using monotopic coordination platforms. The investigations of the fluorescent heteroditopic ligands of metal ions have revealed surprisingly intricate interplays between metal coordination at two different sites and the photophysical states that are accessible through those systems. The chemical complexity of fluorescent heteroditopic ligands of metal ions warrants further investigations on the fundamental science front in order to fully acquire their potential for meeting our practical needs.