期刊
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
卷 30, 期 11, 页码 1312-1323出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.4197
关键词
Mendelian randomization; instrumental variables; weak instruments; causal inference
类别
资金
- U.K. Medical Research Council [U.1052.00.001]
- MRC [MC_U105260792] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [RG/08/014/24067] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105260792] Funding Source: researchfish
Mendelian randomization studies using genetic instrumental variables (IVs) are now being commonly used to estimate the causal association of a phenotype on an outcome. Even when the necessary underlying assumptions are valid, estimates from analyses using IVs are biased in finite samples. The source and nature of this bias appear poorly understood in the epidemiological field. We explain why the bias is in the direction of the confounded observational association, with magnitude relating to the statistical strength of association between the instrument and phenotype. We comment on the size of the bias, from simulated data, showing that when multiple instruments are used, although the variance of the IV estimator decreases, the bias increases. We discuss ways to analyse Mendelian randomization studies to alleviate the problem of weak instrument bias. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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