期刊
BMJ OPEN
卷 5, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008808
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资金
- Academy of Finland [24300796, 139635, 129494, 136895, 263836, 141054]
- Academy of Finland (SALVE/PREVMEDSYN)
- MRC [G0000934]
- Wellcome Trust [068545/Z/02, 076113, 092731, 086684, WT 084762]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF)
- Department of Health Policy Research Programme through the Public Health Research Consortium (PHRC)
- Department of Health's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) ('Biomedical Research Centres')
- UK Clinical Research Collaboration
- Medical Research Council [MR/J01351X/1, G0800612, G0802736, MC_UU_12013/1, MC_UU_12013/6, MC_UU_12019/1]
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) [PG/09/022]
- UK Department of Health Policy Research Programme (England) [0090049]
- BHF [PG/07/131/24254]
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- National Child Health Research Foundation
- Canterbury Medical Research Foundation
- New Zealand Lottery Grants Board
- University of Otago
- Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics
- James Hume Bequest Fund
- US NIH [MH077874]
- NIDA grant A developmental model of gene-environment interplay in SUDs [R01DA024413]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [105993, 118308, 139468, 122661]
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine of the University of Lausanne
- Danish Heart Foundation
- Danish Medical Research Council
- Danish Hospital Foundation of Medical Research
- region of Copenhagen
- Faroe Islands and Greenland
- Danish Health Insurance Foundation
- Foundation of E. & M. Wedel-Wedellsborg
- Landsforeningen til Bekaempelse af Kredslobssygdomme
- Augustinus Foundation
- Becket Foundation
- Foundation of senior registrar J. L. Boserup
- South West NHS Research and Development, Exeter NHS Research and Development
- Darlington Trust
- Peninsula National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Facility at the University of Exeter
- National Institute on Aging in the US [R01 AG017644, R01AG176440651]
- UK Government
- Department for Communities and Local Government
- Department for Transport
- Department for Work and Pensions
- Department of Health, HM Revenue and Customs and Office for National Statistics
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics [213506, 129680]
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- ENGAGE European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [201413]
- Medical Research Fund
- Danish Diabetes Association
- NOVO Foundation
- Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates [CZD/16/6]
- Scottish Funding Council [HR03006]
- UK Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Pharmacy Foundation
- Egmont Foundation
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- Health Foundation
- Gene Diet Interactions in Obesity (GENDINOB)
- MRC Population Health Scientist Fellowship [MR/J012165/1]
- Academy of Finland
- Finnish Diabetes Research Society
- Samfundet Folkhalsan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Finska Lakaresallskapet
- Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- University of Helsinki
- Ministry of Education
- Ahokas Foundation
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Health Insurance Foundation [2010 B 131]
- NHS Research and Development Cardiovascular Research Programme
- Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVE) [24300796, 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, 141042]
- University Hospital Oulu, Biocenter
- University of Oulu, Finland [75617]
- NHLBI through the STAMPEED program [5R01HL087679-02, 1RL1MH083268-01]
- NIH/NIMH [5R01MH63706:02]
- European Commission (EURO-BLCS) [QLG1-CT-2000-01643]
- ENGAGE project [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]
- EU FP7 [EurHEALTHAgeing-277849]
- Medical Research Council, UK [G0500539, G0600705, G1002319]
- MRC, Centenary Early Career Award
- Biocentrum Helsinki
- European Research Council (ERC) [284167]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO: MagW/ZonMW) [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008 Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]
- BBRMI-NL (Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure)
- VU University's Institutes for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA
- European Union [HEALTH-F2-2009-223004]
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing [NGI: 05060810]
- [U01 DK062418]
- ESRC [ES/J023299/1, ES/K005774/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/K023233/1, MR/N01104X/1, G0800612, MR/K013351/1, MC_UU_12013/3, MR/J012165/1, MC_UU_12013/6, G0802736, G1001799, MC_UU_12013/5, G0600705, MC_UU_12019/1, MC_UP_0801/1, MC_UU_12013/1, MR/J01351X/1, G1002319, MC_PC_U127561128] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [RG/13/16/30528, RG/08/013/25942, PG/13/66/30442] Funding Source: researchfish
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/K005774/1, ES/J023299/1, ES/G007489/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Lundbeck Foundation [R165-2013-15410] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/J012165/1, MR/K023195/1B, G1001799, MC_UP_0801/1, MR/K013351/1, MR/K023195/1, MC_UU_12013/3, MC_UU_12013/5, G1002319, MR/N01104X/1, MR/K023233/1, G0000934, G0600705, MC_PC_U127561128] Funding Source: researchfish
- Chief Scientist Office [CZD/16/6/4] Funding Source: researchfish
- AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY [R01HS006516] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [UL1TR001425] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL087679, R01HL036310] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [U01DK062418] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [RL1MH083268, R01MH077874, R01MH063706] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R01AG017644, R37AG013196, R01AG013196] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R01DA024413] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Objectives: To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity. Design: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes. Participants: 148 731 current, former and neversmokers of European ancestry aged >= 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). Primary outcome measures: Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio. Results: The data included up to 66 809 never-smokers, 43 009 former smokers and 38 913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% Cl -0.57% to - 0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% Cl - 0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and - 0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele. Conclusions: For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.
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