Effect of air velocity on nanoparticles dispersion in the wake of a vehicle model: Wind tunnel experiments

Exposure to nanoparticles coming from road-traffic concerns a large part of urban population in both outdoor and indoor environments leading to the enhancement of short and long-term health problems. The dynamics of such small particles is very sensitive to the turbulent diffusion and Brownian motion. Hence their concentrations are dependent on the flow structure properties (length and time scales). In this paper, a wind tunnel study is conducted to assess the effect of the flow on the dispersion of nanoparticles coming out from tailpipe in the near-wake of a reduced-scale truck model. Particle number concentration (PNC) measurements are achieved at 66 positions downstream of the model. Our results point out that the interaction of the ultrafine particles (UFP) with the vortices appearing in the near-wake of a truck enhances their dispersion in both transversal and vertical directions. Increasing the inflow air velocity strengthens this spreading. Overall, we demonstrate that such wind tunnel measurements are fundamental to improve our knowledge on the existing interaction between road-traffic, turbulence and particle concentration to accurately evaluate human exposure rates to ultrafine particles and their potential consequences.