Bulk-edge correspondence in graphene with/without magnetic field: Chiral symmetry, Dirac fermions and edge states

There are two types of edge states in graphene with/without magnetic field. One is a quantum Hall edge state, which is topologically protected against small perturbation. The other is a chiral zero mode that is localized near the boundary with/without magnetic field. The latter is also topological but is guaranteed to be at zero energy by the chiral symmetry, which is also responsible for massless Dirac-like dispersion. Conceptual roles of the edge states are stressed and reviewed from the point of view of the bulk-edge correspondence and topological order. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.