期刊
SOLAR ENERGY
卷 84, 期 4, 页码 612-623出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2009.05.013
关键词
Central solar heating plant; Solar assisted district heating; Seasonal heat storage; UTES
资金
- Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Bundesministerium far Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit)
Central solar heating plants contribute to the reduction of CO(2)-emissions and global warming. The combination of central solar heating plants with seasonal heat storage enables high solar fractions of 50% and more. Several pilot central solar heating plants with seasonal heat storage (CSHPSS) built in Germany since 1996 have proven the appropriate operation of these systems and confirmed the high solar fractions. Four different types of seasonal thermal energy stores have been developed, tested and monitored under realistic operation conditions: Hot-water thermal energy store (e.g. in Friedrichshafen), gravel-water thermal energy store (e.g. in Steinfurt-Borghorst), borehole thermal energy store (in Neckarsulm) and aquifer thermal energy store (in Rostock). In this paper, measured heat balances of several German CSHPSS are presented. The different types of thermal energy stores and the affiliated central solar heating plants and district heating systems are described. Their operational characteristics are compared using measured data gained from an extensive monitoring program. Thus long-term operational experiences such as the influence of net return temperatures are shown. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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